Carnivore Diet Considered Not Sustainable, IPB University Professor Reveals Hidden Risks
The carnivore diet, which relies solely on the consumption of animal-based foods without any plant-based intake, is considered unsafe and is not recommended for the general public. This was stated by a Professor of the Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University, Prof Sri Anna Marliyati.
From a nutritional science perspective, the food science–nutrition expert explained that this extreme dietary pattern carries various health risks, particularly when followed over a long period of time.
“The carnivore diet is not recommended because it contradicts the fundamental principles of balanced nutrition and is not suitable for the general population. It may be applied temporarily in certain individuals under strict medical supervision, but it is not safe for the broader population,” Prof Sri Anna stated.
In the short term, some individuals who follow this diet may indeed experience rapid weight loss. However, she emphasized that this effect is largely due to the depletion of glycogen stores and body fluids, rather than healthy fat loss.
“Metabolic adaptation during the early phase of the carnivore diet is often accompanied by complaints such as fatigue, constipation, bad breath, and muscle cramps,” she explained.
Moreover, she added, the long-term risks can be far more serious. This is because the diet is extremely unbalanced in terms of nutrient composition. “There is an almost certain deficiency of dietary fiber, vitamin C, folate, and various phytochemicals,” she noted.
Contrary to the Principles of Balanced Nutrition
The carnivore diet directly contradicts the core principles of balanced nutrition, which emphasize dietary diversity. “No single type of food contains all essential nutrients. Therefore, consuming a variety of foods is necessary to complement nutritional needs,” she explained.
Regarding claims that the carnivore diet is effective in burning fat through ketosis, Prof Sri Anna acknowledged that such a condition can indeed occur. “The carnivore diet can induce ketosis due to near-zero carbohydrate intake, prompting the body to increase fat utilization as an energy source,” she said. However, she warned that these potential benefits must be carefully weighed against the accompanying health risks.
The most significant risks, according to her, are associated with cardiovascular health, kidney function, and the digestive system. A diet consisting solely of animal-based foods without vegetables and fruits tends to be high in saturated fat and cholesterol, which can increase levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), especially in individuals with a history of dyslipidemia. The absence of dietary fiber can also disrupt lipid metabolism.
On the other hand, extremely high protein intake may increase the workload on the kidneys, particularly if not accompanied by adequate hydration. The kidneys are forced to filter nitrogen waste more intensively, thereby increasing the risk of kidney damage and even kidney failure, especially in individuals with pre existing kidney disease.
In terms of digestive health, the lack of dietary fiber can lead to constipation and imbalances in gut microbiota. Prof Sri Anna further explained that high fat intake can stimulate excessive bile acid production. “In the long term, this can damage the intestinal mucosa, trigger chronic inflammation, and increase the risk of colorectal cancer. Elevated levels of secondary bile acids may act as carcinogens for intestinal cells,” she emphasized.
She also highlighted the loss of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, such as butyrate, due to the absence of plant-based fiber. “SCFAs play a protective role in maintaining gut health, immune function, and metabolic regulation. These risks are often silent and cumulative in nature,” she said.
Safer Dietary Alternatives
As safer alternatives, Prof Sri Anna recommended balanced dietary patterns that have been scientifically proven to support long term health. One such option is the Mediterranean diet, which balances animal and plant based proteins, is rich in fiber and unsaturated fats, and has been shown to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases.
Another option is a balanced high-protein diet, with protein contributing approximately 20–25 percent of total energy intake, while still including complex carbohydrates and dietary fiber. This approach is considered more sustainable than extreme low-carbohydrate diets.
She also emphasized the importance of adopting balanced nutrition based on the “My Plate” guideline using local food sources. “This pattern is easy to apply, aligns with Indonesian dietary culture, and is safe for a wide population,” she concluded. (Fj) (IAAS/FHD)
