IPB University Conservationist: Javan Rhinos, Indonesia’s Only Biodiversity in the World
Prof Harini Muntasib, a conservation expert at IPB University, stated that the one-horned Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is one of the world’s most ancient animals still in existence. Today, this species can only be found in Indonesia, specifically in Ujung Kulon National Park (TNUK), Banten.
“The Javan rhino was once widespread across much of Southeast Asia, from Assam in India, through Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia, and previously in Vietnam, where it was declared extinct in 2010,” said Prof Harini.
“So, the Javan rhino in Indonesia, especially in TNUK, is the only one left in the world. It is a point of pride that we are conserving a species of rhino unique to us,” she said in an interview with IPB University reporters on Tuesday (7/30).
Prof Harini explained that the Javan rhino is classified as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. This species is also listed in Appendix I of CITES, meaning it is strictly prohibited from being traded due to its extremely limited population.
The latest data from the TNUK Center estimates the Javan rhino population to be between 87 and 100 individuals. This number is based on the Spatial Count Model method, which detects the presence of rhinos at observation sites.
As part of conservation efforts, since 2009 a special area called the Javan Rhino Study and Conservation Area (JRSCA) has been developed, covering 5.100 hectares in the southern part of Mount Honje within the TNUK area. This area is designated for habitat expansion and intensive breeding of Javan rhinos.
“Facilities at the JRSCA are ready, including breeding enclosures and buildings for researchers and staff. Currently, the translocation of rhinos from their main habitat to the JRSCA is being prepared,” she said.
However, Prof Harini also highlighted several threats to the survival of the Javan rhino. Internal threats include potential inbreeding, competition and predation among animals, and habitat degradation due to the invasion of invasive plant species.
Therefore, external threats include disease outbreaks from livestock, poaching, and potential natural disasters such as tsunamis and eruptions from Mount Krakatau.
She emphasized that the extinction of the Javan rhino would significantly impact ecosystem balance. As a large herbivore, the species plays a key role in controlling vegetation and maintaining the structure of the food chain. “The Javan rhino is not only Indonesia’s biological treasure but also a global heritage that must be protected together,” she concluded. (dh) (IAAS/EXC)
