IPB University Researchers Develop Six Superior Synthetic Strains of Non-Mulberry Silkworms
A team of researchers from IPB University, led by Prof Ronny Rachman Noor, has successfully developed six superior synthetic strains of non-mulberry silkworms Samia cynthia ricini. This is expected to meet the national demand for silk thread, 95 percent of which is currently imported.
“Not many people are aware of Indonesia’s heavy reliance on silk thread. Indonesia can only meet 5 percent of its national silk fiber needs, with the remaining 95 percent being imported,” said Prof Ronny.
In more detail, natural silk fiber production in Indonesia currently stands at around 500 tons per year. However, Indonesia’s annual demand for natural silk thread reaches approximately 2.000 tons of raw silk thread and around 2.500 tons of spun silk thread.
Prof Ronny revealed that these superior varieties have at least twice the productivity of existing natural silk, are resistant to high temperatures and low humidity, and can be maintained with cheap and easily obtainable cassava leaf feed.
Six Superior Synthetic Strains
The synthetic strains named Jopati, Prasojo, Pasopati, and Joglo have specific characteristics and color patterns. Prof Ronny revealed that these strains have resistance to environmental stress, particularly heat, making them highly suitable for cultivation in marginal areas to support local economies.
Additionally, there are the Progo and Tawang Biru strains, specifically developed for regions with optimal climates.
According to Prof Ronny, one unique feature of the superior Samia ricini silkworm strain is its wide range of suitable cultivation areas, as its feed sources are cassava leaves and jatropha leaves. This makes the strain highly suitable for development across all regions in Indonesia at low feed costs.
“The synthetic superior strain developed has productivity at least twice that of existing natural silk and produces Samia cynthia ricini silk fiber that is very unique in appearance, not shiny. Its unique texture could become a new trend in the fashion industry,” said Prof Ronny.
“Additionally, this superior strain has a shorter life cycle, reducing feed costs and mortality rates compared to natural silk worms,” he explained.
Better Than Mulberry Silk Worms
As an expert in ecological genetics, Prof Ronny noted that this synthetic strain was developed by utilizing stress-resistant genes and combining them with genes that regulate productivity. This combination produces a superior synthetic strain that is resistant to heat and drought stress and can be reared on 100% cassava leaf feed.
“Based on our research, the cocoons of Samia ricini silkworms contain sericin with better bioactive activity compared to sericin contained in the cocoons of Bombyx mori mulberry silkworms,” Prof Ronny continued.
He stated that the active sericin compound from Samia ricini is currently under development. Its processing and application in the beauty and cosmetics industry could achieve a glowing complexion. Other health products that can be produced include natural and environmentally friendly post-surgery wound dressings.
In developing this superior strain, the research team also developed zero-waste technology that utilizes pupae for baby biscuits to prevent stunting, as well as for livestock and fish feed. Additionally, leftover feed, feces, and urine are processed into environmentally friendly organic fertilizer.
The natural silk research group at IPB University has also developed technology for natural silk fibers of the Samia cyntia ricini species. This step is taken to produce long and lustrous silk threads to enhance their market value.
Starting from Kulon Progo and Pasuruan
This superior strain has been distributed to silk farmers in the Kulon Progo and Pasuruan regions as pilot areas, in collaboration with local governments. In the future, it may be developed in various regions across Indonesia.
“Over the past five years, we have established a partnership system among silk farmers in Pasuruan. From rearing to produce silk thread and processing it into high-value-added products using eco-printing technology,” explained Prof Ronny.
He is optimistic that once developed across all regions of Indonesia, this initiative will reduce Indonesia’s dependence on imported silk thread, thereby saving foreign exchange.
Additionally, the cultivation of Samia ricini is expected to improve the living standards of farmers who are part of cooperatives by utilizing the superior strains that have been developed. (*/RZ) (IAAS/FMT)
