IPB University Faculty of Medicine Lecturers Reveal Benefits and Risks of Leech Therapy in Modern Medicine
Leech therapy or hirudotherapy has become an alternative treatment that is once again receiving attention in the era of modern medicine.
A lecturer in Biomedical Science at the Faculty of Medicine, IPB University, Sera Budi Verinda, SSi, MBiomed, stated that hirudotherapy has been used for thousands of years and is still utilized today, especially for certain medical conditions that have proven effective when treated with this method.
“Hirudotherapy is the medical term for the use of leeches, specifically Hirudo medicinalis, in treatment,” explained Sera.
She mentioned that leech saliva contains various bioactive compounds such as hirudin, which functions as an anticoagulant, as well as enzymes and peptides that can reduce blood clotting, enhance circulation, and decrease inflammation.
In current medical practice, hirudotherapy is most commonly used in plastic and reconstructive surgery, particularly to reduce venous congestion after tissue grafting procedures or reattachment of body parts such as ears or fingers. Additionally, this therapy is also applied in the treatment of vascular disorders, such as varicose veins and thrombophlebitis.
Regarding its effectiveness, Sera elaborated that hirudotherapy provides real benefits, especially in addressing venous congestion after reconstructive surgery.
“Leeches help restore blood flow when venous flow is disrupted, thereby improving tissue viability,” she said. She cited a systematic review of 12 studies that showed significant results, although there are risks such as flap loss (26,5%), infection (26,5%), and flap necrosis (55,9%).
In cases of chronic pain and arthritis, several clinical trials reported that this therapy can provide pain relief for up to 12 months post-application. However, Sera continued, the protocols used still vary, ranging from the number of leeches to the frequency of their use.
She noted that dentistry is also beginning to see positive prospects from hirudotherapy. A systematic review found that this therapy can improve gum inflammation, reduce periodontal pocket depth, and accelerate tissue healing. This supports its use as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of periodontal disease.
Nevertheless, she revealed several risks that need to be considered. “The main risks still exist, particularly infections caused by Aeromonas bacteria from leeches,” she explained.
Therefore, she recommends that this therapy only be performed under strict medical supervision, with high sterilization standards and, if necessary, the administration of prophylactic antibiotics.
She also explained the need for caution in applying hirudotherapy for chronic diseases such as diabetes or cerebrovascular disorders, as the scientific evidence supporting it is still limited and inconsistent.
“Overall, hirudotherapy is a valuable clinical tool for certain conditions. I only recommend it if conventional treatments are ineffective or not possible. However, always ensure to discuss any complementary treatments you choose with your doctor,” she stated. (dr) (IAAS/KMR)
