Detection of Viruses that Infect Soybean in Java by IPB Researcher Team
Glycine max, commonly known as soybean in North America or soya bean,[3] is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean which has numerous uses. Soybean plants are vulnerable to a wide range of bacterial diseases, fungal diseases, viral diseases and parasites. One important pest is the corn earworm moth, which is the most common and destructive pest of soybean growth. Infection of soybean by Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) or Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) has been reported to increase susceptibility to seed infection by Phomopsis spp., but the mechanism is unclear. Soybean is susceptible to viral infections that can affect crop yields in quality and quantity. Some viruses that cause important diseases in soybean plants include Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Soybean stunt virus (SSV) / Cucumber mosaic virus strain soybean (CMV-S), mild mottle virus (CPMMV), and Gemini virus.
Symptoms of viral infection vary widely because the expression of symptoms influenced by the type of virus, environmental conditions, and cultivars of plants. The symptoms of visible disease in the field can’t be relied upon to diagnose the virus that causes the disease. Serological detection of viruses and the detection of nucleic acids with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as ongoing DNA sequencing can now help accurate virus identification. Considering that soybean is one of Indonesia's important food commodities, it is necessary to know the type of virus that can limit the production of soybean.
Researcher of the Faculty of Agriculture of Bogor Agricultural University (FAPERTA IPB), namely Dr. Yunita Fauziah Rahim, Dr. Tri Asmira Damayanti of the Department of Plant Protection of the Faculty of Agriculture, and Prof. Munif Ghulamahdi of the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, carried out the research program on "Deteksi Virus yang Menginfeksi Kedelai di Jawa = Detection of Viruses that Infect Soybean in Java". The aims of the study was to detect viral infections in some soybean plants in Java. Leaf samples were taken randomly as many as 50 plants from each location of soybean plants in Bogor, Cirebon, Bantul, and Ponorogo.
Observations were made on the symptoms found in the field and the cases of the disease were serologically determined using Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) antibodies, Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV), and Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV). The incidence of CMV, SMV, and CPMMV was 72-84 percent, 14-24 percent, and 6-8 percent, respectively. BPMV infection was not found. Specific DNA bands of CMV, Potyvirus, and Geminivirus were successfully amplified successively using a specific primer of the CMV sheath protein genes, the primer universal Potyvirus and Gemini viruses.
Based on the above detection results, CMV strain S is still the dominant virus that infects soybeans with the highest case compared to other viruses in some soybean crops in Java. Common Mosaic virus (BCMV) and Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PYCLV) attacks in the field are new information. (Wied)
